What is cell: A cell is the fundamental unit of life in all living organisms. It is the smallest structural and functional unit capable of carrying out life processes. It is like a tiny, self-contained “factory” with various components working together to sustain life.

Cells are two main types:

  1. Prokaryotic Cells: These are simpler cells, like bacteria, that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Their genetic material is free-floating within the cell.
  2. Eukaryotic Cells: Found in animals, plants, fungi, and protists, these cells are more complex and have a nucleus that houses genetic material, as well as specialized organelles like mitochondria, chloroplasts, and the Golgi apparatus.

Some components found in most cells:

  • Nucleus: Contains the cell’s genetic information (DNA).
  • Cell Membrane: Acts as a protective barrier and regulates what enters and exits the cell.
  • Cytoplasm: A gel-like substance where cellular activities occur.
  • Mitochondria: Known as the “powerhouse” of the cell, generating energy.
  • Ribosomes: Synthesize proteins essential for the cell’s function.
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum & Golgi Apparatus: Help with protein and lipid production and transport.